Gland Surgery
type: channel
description: Gland Surgery (GS) is an esteemed international, peer-reviewed journal dedicated to the field of gland surgery. It publishes cutting-edge research, clinical studies, and innovations related to various aspects of gland surgery, including thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, and salivary glands.
language: en
publication name: Gland Surgery
issn: 2227-8575
items: NON-PHARMACOLOGICAL INTERVENTIONS FOR FEEDING AND GROWTH IN PRETERM NEONATES: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS OF RANDOMIZED CLINICAL TRIAL
items: SURVIVAL OUTCOMES FOLLOWING VENO-ARTERIAL EXTRACORPOREAL MEMBRANE OXYGENATION FOR ACUTE HEART FAILURE WITH REFRACTORY CARDIOGENIC SHOCK: A CONTEMPORARY SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META ANALYSIS
items: REPROGRAMMING IMMUNITY: A META-ANALYSIS OF LIFESTYLE, NUTRITION, AND MICROBIOME INTERVENTIONS
items: THE PREVALENCE OF HIGH LDL-C AMONG DIABETIC PATIENTS TYPE 2, SECURITY FORCES HOSPITAL, RIYADH, SAUDI ARABIA
items: HYPERTENSION, TYPE 2 DIABETES, AND CARDIOVASCULAR RISK: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS
items: PROGNOSTIC VALUE OF NEUTROPHIL-TO-LYMPHOCYTE RATIO IN CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS
items: THE GROWING ROLE OF FAMILY MEDICINE IN DIABETES MANAGEMENT AND CONTROL: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS
items: PADINA PAVONICA ETHANOL EXTRACT TRIGGERS APOPTOSIS AND CELL CYCLE DISRUPTION THROUGH REDOX STRESS AND PI3K/AKT MODULATION IN LUNG AND BREAST CARCINOMA CELLS
items: PATIENT SAFETY AND ERROR PREVENTION: THE INDISPENSABLE ROLE OF MULTIDISCIPLINARY TEAMS
items: THE ROLE OF INTERPROFESSIONAL TEAMWORK (NURSING, PHARMACY, AND LABORATORY) IN MANAGING ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE: A COLLABORATIVE APPROACH TO STEWARDSHIP
items: NURSING CHALLENGES IN MANAGING INVASIVE AND NON-INVASIVE PROCEDURES
items: NURSES’ PERCEPTIONS TOWARD MEDICATION ERRORS IN SAUDI ARABIA
items: ENHANCING PATIENT SAFETY THROUGH EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION BETWEEN NURSES AND LABORATORY TECHNICIANS
items: MULTIDISCIPLINARY COLLABORATION BETWEEN INTERNISTS, PHARMACISTS, OPTOMETRISTS, BIOCHEMISTRY AND LABORATORY SPECIALISTS IN IMPROVING CLINICAL DECISION-MAKING
items: CASE REPORT: OPTIMIZING POSITIVE END-EXPIRATORY PRESSURE USING ESOPHAGEAL BALLOON CATHETER MONITORING IN ARDS
items: NURSING PRACTICES AND THEIR IMPACT ON WOUND INFECTION RATES: A CROSS-SECTIONAL ANALYSIS
items: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW EXAMINING THE CORRELATION BETWEEN NURSE STAFFING RATIOS AND QUALITY OF CARE OR PATIENT SAFETY OUTCOMES
items: BURNOUT AND JOB SATISFACTION AMONG HEALTH CARE PROVIDERS AT SAUDI ARABIA: SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
items: THE EFFECTIVENESS OF NURSE-LED PROGRAMS FOR ENHANCING PATIENT ENGAGEMENT AND SELF-MANAGEMENT IN CHRONIC DISEASE CARE AT SAUDI ARABIA: SCOPING REVIEW
items: TELEHEALTH READINESS AND ITS RELATED FACTORS AMONG HEALTH CARE PROVIDERS AT SAUDI ARABIA: SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
items: EVALUATING THE EFFICACY OF PROBIOTICS IN PREVENTING GESTATIONAL DIABETES MELLITUS IN SAUDI WOMEN: A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
items: LEVERAGING BIG DATA ANALYTICS TO IMPROVE HEALTHCARE QUALITY: A NEW APPROACH TO PATIENT-CENTERED CARE
items: COLLABORATIVE CLINICAL PRACTICE ACROSS HEALTHCARE SPECIALTIES: INSIGHTS FROM DENTAL, NURSING, LABORATORY, AND MEDICAL RECORDS TEAMS IN SECURITY FORCES FACILITIES
items: REGENERATIVE MEDICINE AND STEM CELL APPLICATIONS IN REPAIRING AND REPLACING ORAL AND DENTAL TISSUES
items: EXPLORING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CHILDHOOD TRAUMA AND ADULT MENTAL HEALTH OUTCOMES
items: ASSESSING THE CORRELATION BETWEEN HBA1C LEVELS AND C-REACTIVE PROTEIN (CRP) IN PATIENTS AT KHAMIS MUSHAIT GENERAL HOSPITAL: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY
items: APPLICATION OF NEXT-GENERATION SEQUENCING IN GENETIC DIAGNOSIS OF RARE DISEASES IN SAUDI ARABIA
items: ELECTRONIC APPLICATIONS AND THEIR IMPACT ON THE CULTURE OF CONSUMPTION: AN APPLIED STUDY ON A SAMPLE OF WORKING AND NON-WORKING WOMEN IN THE SAUDI FAMILY
items: THE IMPACT OF HEALTH EDUCATION PROVIDED BY PRIMARY CARE NURSES ON LIFESTYLE IMPROVEMENT IN PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES

NON-PHARMACOLOGICAL INTERVENTIONS FOR FEEDING AND GROWTH IN PRETERM NEONATES: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS OF RANDOMIZED CLINICAL TRIAL
type: item
description: Feeding intolerance (FI) delays nutritional advancement, growth, and discharge readiness in preterm neonates (<37 weeks' gestation). Non-pharmacological interventions (NPIs) - including oral stimulation, non-nutritive sucking (NNS), premature infant oral motor intervention (PIOMI), abdominal massage, KMC, and multisensory stimulation - are increasingly applied as safe, low-risk strategies to support feeding and growth in neonatal intensive care units. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated randomized controlled trial evidence for NPIs on feeding tolerance, oral feeding progression, growth, and hospitalization outcomes in preterm neonates. Eligible studies published between 2020 and 2026 were identified through database and manual reference searching. Continuous outcomes were summarized as mean differences (95% Confidence Interval); dichotomous outcomes as risk ratios. Missing variance data were not imputed. Twenty-one eligible RCTs were included, encompassing oral stimulation, PIOMI, NNS, abdominal massage, I Love You massage, Chinese pediatric Tuina, prone positioning, Kangaroo mother care (KMC), and multistimulation. Pooled analysis demonstrated that NPIs reduced GRV by 3.07 mL (95% CI −3.33 to −2.81; I² = 0%). KMC significantly reduced FI events (RR = 0.22, 95% CI 0.08–0.63), and abdominal massage reduced post-feeding abdominal circumference. Oral-motor interventions favored earlier feeding readiness, faster transition to full oral feeding, and shorter hospitalization, though several outcomes were not poolable. NPIs are effective supportive strategies for improving feeding outcomes in preterm neonates. Evidence is strongest for gastric residual volume (GRV) and FI events; standardized outcome reporting across future trials remains necessary.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Sumaia Mahmoud Abu-Hatab, Ibtisam Abdelrazzaq Alarabyat, Alaa Abdelkhaleq Abuattallah, Haifa Mahmoud Mousa Eid, Lama Shukri Arabyat
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-06-01
publication date: 2026-06-01
starting page: 93
ending page: 121

SURVIVAL OUTCOMES FOLLOWING VENO-ARTERIAL EXTRACORPOREAL MEMBRANE OXYGENATION FOR ACUTE HEART FAILURE WITH REFRACTORY CARDIOGENIC SHOCK: A CONTEMPORARY SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META ANALYSIS
type: item
description: Background: Refractory cardiogenic shock (RCS) complicating acute heart failure (AHF) represents a life-threatening condition with historical mortality exceeding 80%. Veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) has emerged as a salvage intervention providing temporary mechanical circulatory support, yet its survival benefit remains controversial. Objectives: To synthesize contemporary evidence quantifying survival outcomes following VA-ECMO deployment in AHF-RCS and identify prognostic determinants influencing clinical outcomes. Methods: We conducted a systematic review following PRISMA guidelines, searching PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases from January 2018 through April 2024. Eligible studies reported short-term (ECMO weaning) and intermediate-term (hospital discharge or 30-day) survival in adults with AHF-RCS managed with VA-ECMO. Random-effects meta-analysis generated pooled proportions with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Heterogeneity was quantified using I² statistics. Subgroup analyses stratified outcomes by shock etiology. Results: Forty-three studies (one randomized controlled trial, 42 observational studies; n=9,842 patients) met inclusion criteria. Pooled successful weaning from VA-ECMO occurred in 65.2% (95% CI: 60.1-70.0%; I²=78%). However, survival to hospital discharge or 30 days was achieved in only 38.5% (95% CI: 34.2-43.0%; I²=82%). Etiology-specific survival varied substantially: myocarditis 58.1% (95% CI: 49.5-66.3%), acute myocardial infarction 35.8% (95% CI: 30.1-41.9%), post-cardiotomy shock 33.5% (95% CI: 27.0-40.6%), and out-of-hospital cardiac arrest 27.3% (95% CI: 21.0-34.5%). The EOLE randomized trial demonstrated non-significant survival improvement with VA-ECMO versus medical therapy (31% vs. 22%; p=0.21). Major complications included bleeding requiring intervention (41.2%), limb ischemia (12.4%), and stroke (9.1%). Conclusions: VA-ECMO effectively stabilizes the majority of patients with AHF-RCS, enabling successf…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; Cardiogenic shock; Acute heart failure; Mechanical circulatory support; Meta-analysis; Survival; Mortality; ECMO complications
  topic: keywords
creator: Osama Hosni Abdelhady Dakka, Mohamed Abdelataif Almandoh Aboghabena, Ahmed Samir Goda Ahmed, Mohamed Osama Mohamed Helaly, Fatma Sameer Mohammed Hamayed, Bader Hameed Shreethen Aljuhani, Fahad Khalid Farhan Alanazi, Naif Ahmed A. Alabbad
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Gland Surgery
date: 2025-12-08
publication date: 2025-12-08
starting page: 202
ending page: 219

REPROGRAMMING IMMUNITY: A META-ANALYSIS OF LIFESTYLE, NUTRITION, AND MICROBIOME INTERVENTIONS
type: item
description: Chronic low-grade inflammation is implicated in the pathogenesis of metabolic, cardiovascular, renal, and age-related diseases. Non-pharmacologic interventions-spanning lifestyle modification, nutritional strategies, and microbiome-directed therapies-have been proposed as upstream modulators of inflammatory physiology, yet cross-domain quantitative syntheses remain scarce. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated whether lifestyle, nutrition, microbiome-directed, and hybrid interventions reduce circulating inflammatory biomarkers relative to control conditions in adult populations. A systematic search of PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane CENTRAL (January 2011–April 2026) identified randomized or controlled intervention studies reporting C-reactive protein (CRP/hs-CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) endpoints. Fifteen studies met strict eligibility criteria. Random-effects meta-analyses were conducted using Hedges’ g with inverse-variance weighting. All four biomarker families showed pooled effects favoring intervention. CRP/hs-CRP yielded the most robust estimate (k = 11; Hedges’ g = −0.51, 95% CI [−0.81, −0.20]; I² = 73.4%). IL-6 (k = 6; g = −1.76, 95% CI [−3.18, −0.33]; I² = 96.3%), TNF-α (k = 4; g = −1.50, 95% CI [−2.61, −0.38]; I² = 91.2%), and LPS (k = 2; g = −0.75, 95% CI [−1.45, −0.04]; I² = 68.0%) showed large effects with considerable heterogeneity. Microbiome-directed interventions constituted the dominant evidence base. Non-pharmacologic interventions are associated with reduced inflammatory biomarker burden in adults, with the most stable evidence for CRP-family outcomes. These findings support a biomarker-centered interpretation of immune recalibration and highlight the need for domain-balanced trials with standardized inflammatory outcome reporting.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: meta-analysis, inflammation, C-reactive protein, microbiome, probiotics, lifestyle interventions, nutrition, immunomodulation, systematic review
  topic: keywords
creator: Alaa Abdelfattah, Fawaz Al-Alloosh, Ahmed Osman Hassan Ali, Mohd Ayman Mustafa Hammad, Mohammad Hisham Abdelaziz Aljarbouah, Shaimaa Farouk
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Gland Surgery
date: 2026-04-15
publication date: 2026-04-15
starting page: 75
ending page: 92

THE PREVALENCE OF HIGH LDL-C AMONG DIABETIC PATIENTS TYPE 2, SECURITY FORCES HOSPITAL, RIYADH, SAUDI ARABIA
type: item
description: Introduction: Dyslipidemia is associated with a high risk of developing heart diseases and macrovascular diseases, such as stroke, particularly among diabetic patients. In Saudi Arabia, there is a need to evaluate the magnitude of dyslipidemia and aggravating factors that are associated with dyslipidemia among diabetic patients. The aim of this study is to assess prevalence of dyslipidemias, mainly high LDL, among T2DM diabetic patients. Methods: This is a descriptive, hospital-based, and cross-sectional study recruited 100 patients with T2DM who have 2 readings of LDL, at least 6 months apart. Patients with diagnosed hypothyroidism or alcohol drinking were excluded from the study. A gender balanced sample of 50 males and 50 females at the age range of 18-75 years old were recruited from primary care department at Security Forces Hospital (SFH). The data was extracted form medical electronic records from 1st of January 2018 to 31st of December 2020. Multiple linear regression were used to determine the significant predictors of LDL level. Results: A total of 100 patients with T2DM included with mean age of 57.3±7.7. About a third of the patients had high LDL level in both readings, compared to 21% had low level of HDL. The mean level of LDL was higher in females than in males but the differences were not statistically significant. An improvement in glycemic control among the included patients when comparing baseline and follow-up level of HbAc1. Concerning gender difference in dyslipidemia, the present study showed that levels of all dyslipidemia parameters were higher in females than in males but significant difference only detected in T. cholesterol and HDL. Change-rate in T. cholesterol level, change-rate in triglyceride level, and change-rate in HDL level were significant predictors for change-rate in LDL level. The change-rate in LDL level increased by 0.89 mg/dl for one unit rise in T. cholesterol change-rate. Differently, the change-rate in LDL level decrease…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Dyslipidemia, high cholesterol, atherosclerosis, glycemic control, hyperglycemia
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr. Abdullah Saeed AlQahtani, Dr. Bader Saad Alzahrani, Dr. Anwar Shawel, Fahad Alshahrani
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Gland Surgery
date: 2025-09-28
publication date: 2025-09-28
starting page: 187
ending page: 201

HYPERTENSION, TYPE 2 DIABETES, AND CARDIOVASCULAR RISK: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS
type: item
description: Hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are major cardiometabolic risk factors worldwide, yet observational evidence has not always distinguished their independent associations with specific cardiovascular outcome families. To systematically review recent observational studies examining the independent association of hypertension, and separately T2DM, with cardiovascular risk, and to conduct quantitative synthesis only in prespecified subgroups with sufficient methodological comparability. PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched in January 2025 for English-language cohort studies published from January 2011 onward. Sixteen cohort studies met PECO eligibility criteria (nine hypertension, seven T2DM). Methodological quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Random-effects meta-analysis was conducted only for prespecified subgroups with at least three sufficiently comparable hazard-based estimates; smaller or non-comparable strata were synthesized narratively. Reporting followed PRISMA 2020 and MOOSE guidance. Stage 1 hypertension was associated with higher broad composite CVD risk (HR = 1.42; 95% CI: 1.24–1.62; I² = 81.1%; n = 6). T2DM was associated with higher heart failure risk (HR = 1.57; 95% CI: 1.38–1.78; I² = 79.7%; n = 4). Narrative evidence for hypertension-related stroke, cardiovascular mortality, T2DM-related broad CVD, coronary events, and cardiovascular mortality was directionally positive but limited by small study counts and lack of direct quantitative comparability. Recent observational evidence supports an association of stage 1 hypertension with broad composite CVD and of T2DM with heart failure, while evidence for other outcome families remains suggestive rather than definitive. Findings support cautious, exposure-specific cardiometabolic risk assessment and should not be interpreted as providing equally certain estimates across all cardiovascular domains.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: hypertension; type 2 diabetes mellitus; cardiovascular disease; meta-analysis; systematic review; cardiometabolic risk
  topic: keywords
creator: Tayseer Hussein Ibrahim Hussein, Fawaz Al-Alloosh, Dr. Farrukh Ameer, Ahmed Osman Hassan Ali, Ahmad Mohammed Ishaque Aal Ibrahim, Mostafa Ahmed Mohamed, Mohamed A. Bassiony
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-04-08
publication date: 2026-04-08
starting page: 58
ending page: 74

PROGNOSTIC VALUE OF NEUTROPHIL-TO-LYMPHOCYTE RATIO IN CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS
type: item
description: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain the leading cause of death globally. The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), an inexpensive inflammatory biomarker derived from routine blood counts, has shown promise for risk stratification, yet pooled prognostic evidence across heterogeneous CVD populations remains limited. This study systematically synthesised the prognostic value of baseline NLR for mortality across the full spectrum of CVD. Following PRISMA 2020 guidelines, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched (January 2011–March 2026). Studies reporting multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for mortality in CVD patients with NLR as a prognostic exposure were included. Random-effects meta-analysis (DerSimonian–Laird), subgroup analyses (ACS vs. non-ACS; heart failure vs. CAD/interventional), leave-one-out sensitivity analysis, and publication bias tests (Egger’s, Begg’s) were performed. Twenty studies met the inclusion criteria; 16 contributed to the primary mortality HR pool. The pooled adjusted HR was 1.30 (95% CI: 1.20–1.40; p < 0.001; I² = 89.4%). The ACS/STEMI subgroup showed a higher pooled HR of 2.18 (95% CI: 1.15–4.13) compared with non-ACS conditions (HR = 1.30; 95% CI: 1.20–1.42). The association remained robust in all leave-one-out iterations. Egger’s test indicated potential publication bias (p = 0.031). Elevated NLR independently predicts mortality across diverse CVD populations. As a universally available, zero-cost biomarker, NLR holds considerable promise as an adjunctive risk-stratification tool. Future research should establish standardised cutoffs and test NLR-guided management strategies.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio; cardiovascular disease; mortality; meta-analysis; systematic review; inflammatory biomarker
  topic: keywords
creator: Basel Mohammad Hamad Khawaldeh, Dr. Farrukh Ameer, Basmalah Saeed Al-Hawadi, Saif Saeed Alhawadi, Ahmed Osman Hassan Ali, Khaled Mohamed Aly Eltamawy, Eman Mohamed Mahmoud Habib
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Gland Surgery
date: 2026-03-22
publication date: 2026-03-22
starting page: 41
ending page: 57

THE GROWING ROLE OF FAMILY MEDICINE IN DIABETES MANAGEMENT AND CONTROL: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS
type: item
description: Diabetes affects approximately 830 million adults globally, yet endocrinology specialist capacity lags behind demand. Family medicine is positioned to expand its endocrine care role, but no prior synthesis has quantified the collective impact of primary care–anchored endocrine strategies. To estimate the pooled effect of family medicine–anchored interventions defined as interventions implemented within general practice/family medicine/primary care services, including team-based delivery on glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and to develop a practical expansion framework. PRISMA 2020–guided systematic review and random-effects meta-analysis of PubMed/MEDLINE (2011–2025). Eligible studies evaluated primary care–led endocrine interventions in adults with diabetes. Risk of bias was assessed using the Revised Cochrane Risk-of-Bias tool. Subgroup analyses examined intervention categories. Fifteen studies met inclusion criteria; 13 contributed to the pooled analysis (N = 13,554). The pooled HbA1c mean difference was −0.22 percentage points (95% CI: −0.35 to −0.08; I²= 75%). The largest effect was from an intensive primary care–led weight management program (−0.85%; 95% CI: −1.10 to −0.59), achieving 46% diabetes remission. Technology-enabled and behavioral interventions showed variable but favorable effects. Family medicine interventions produce a modest but significant HbA1c reduction, with larger effects from intensive metabolic and technology-enabled strategies. A four-pillar framework team-based care, behavior change integration, technology-enabled workflows, and specialist partnership can guide systematic expansion.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: family medicine, primary care, endocrinology, diabetes, telehealth, eConsult, HbA1c, integrated care, meta-analysis
  topic: keywords
creator: Reem Sameer Abu Qbitah, Mansoor Mohamed Mansoor Alamri, Tamara Samer Nabeel Skafi, Deyala Haitham Faris Jbarah, Aon Moh'd Ali Almauhawesh, Fawaz Al-Alloosh, Ahmed Osman Hassan Ali
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Gland Surgery
date: 2026-03-13
publication date: 2026-03-13
starting page: 26
ending page: 40

PADINA PAVONICA ETHANOL EXTRACT TRIGGERS APOPTOSIS AND CELL CYCLE DISRUPTION THROUGH REDOX STRESS AND PI3K/AKT MODULATION IN LUNG AND BREAST CARCINOMA CELLS
type: item
description: Background: Marine brown algae contain bioactive compounds with anti-cancer properties. Padina pavonica (PP), a common brown alga, remains understudied for cancer cell effects. This study evaluated the cytotoxic and molecular effects of ethanol extract versus cisplatin (CP) on human lung carcinoma (A549) and breast carcinoma (MCF‑7) cells. Methods: The SRB test was used to determine cell toxicity by determining the IC50 values. After treatment with Padina pavonica (PP) extract and cisplatin (CP), cell shape changes were observed microscopically. A FLUOstar Omega microplate reader was used to measure cellular glutathione (GSH) and total antioxidant capacity. Flow cytometry with Annexin V/PI staining and PI DNA analysis was used to assess cell death and cell cycle progression. RT-qPCR measured Bax, Bcl-2, PI3K, and AKT1 gene expression, while western blotting confirmed the protein levels. One-way ANOVA with Tukey's test was used to check for statistical significance. Results: Padina pavonica extract reduced cell viability in a dose-dependent manner, with IC50 values of 60.73 µg/mL in A549 and 173.11 µg/mL in MCF‑7, versus 1.32 µg/mL and 1.72 µg/mL for cisplatin (CP), respectively. Morphological analysis showed cytotoxic features, including shrinkage, rounding, and detachment. PP treatment depleted intracellular glutathione (GSH) and reduced antioxidant capacity, indicating disrupted redox homeostasis; depletion was partial in A549 cells but profound in MCF‑7 cells. Flow cytometry revealed that PP induced late apoptosis in A549 cells and late apoptosis/necrosis in MCF‑7 cells, whereas CP triggered both early and late apoptosis. Cell cycle analysis showed that PP caused G1 arrest in A549 cells and sub‑G1 accumulation in MCF‑7 cells, whereas CP increased the sub‑G1 population. RT‑qPCR showed upregulation of Bax and downregulation of Bcl‑2, PI3K, and AKT1 in A549 cells, while MCF‑7 cells showed reduced Bcl‑2 and AKT1 but increased PI3K. Western blotting validated these ch…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: A549, MCF-7, Padina pavonica, Apoptosis, PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, Oxidative stress.
  topic: keywords
creator: Khulud M. Alshehri
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Gland Surgery
date: 2026-02-06
publication date: 2026-02-06
starting page: 1
ending page: 25

PATIENT SAFETY AND ERROR PREVENTION: THE INDISPENSABLE ROLE OF MULTIDISCIPLINARY TEAMS
type: item
description: Medical​‍​‌‍​‍‌​‍​‌‍​‍‌ errors remain among the leading causes of ill health and death globally, and therefore, represent a major challenge for health-care systems. This paper elaborates on the main role of multidisciplinary teams (MDTs) as a core strategy to improve patient safety and prevent errors. It traces patient-safety history, describes the organization and role of well-functioning MDTs, and explains how they reduce risk through better communication, shared mental models, and collective decision-making. The article cites the scientific research as evidence of the positive impact of MDTs on patient safety, error reduction, and safety culture. It also discusses problems associated with the implementation of such teams, e.g., hierarchical structures, lack of resources, and logistical difficulties and proposes research-supported solutions. The discussion about the current models leads to the following steps with the inclusion of technology and continuous improvement methods. The final section argues that robust, adequately resourced MDTs are not merely another feature but a precondition for the emergence of resilient, high-reliability healthcare organizations that are committed to error prevention and providing excellent patient care.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Patient Safety, Medical Error, Multidisciplinary Team, Interprofessional Collaboration, Healthcare Quality, Error Prevention, Communication, Human Factors.
  topic: keywords
creator: Norah Mohammed Alqahtani, Ahmed Jawad Almarhoon, Abdulaziz Rashed Al Warthan, Laila Ali Almouibid, Nassren Masoud Alyami, Samar Naif Almutairi, Fatimah Mohammed Asiri, Wilayah Ali Alawadh, Ahad Abdullah Alanzi , Marwa Habeeb Almubarak Rawan Anwar Al-Sultan, Abdullah Ahmed Alghamdi
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-12-06
publication date: 2025-12-06
starting page: 178
ending page: 186

THE ROLE OF INTERPROFESSIONAL TEAMWORK (NURSING, PHARMACY, AND LABORATORY) IN MANAGING ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE: A COLLABORATIVE APPROACH TO STEWARDSHIP
type: item
description: Antimicrobial resistance is considered one of the critical global health challenges and is grave in the Gulf Cooperation Council countries. The following review discusses the role that interprofessional collaboration between nursing, pharmacy, and laboratory professionals can play in fighting AMR through promoting effective ASPs. Based on literature from 2020 to date, the article will discuss how each profession contributes synergistically, identify issues with implementation unique to Middle Eastern healthcare contexts, and present evidence-based practices to optimize interprofessional work. Some of the major challenges facing the Saudi Arabian health system are the high rates of use of antibiotics, diversity in the expatriate workforce in health care, and other varying levels of infrastructure. As indicated by the critical analysis of available literature and regional data, structured interprofessional teamwork yields significant improvement in antimicrobial prescribing practice, reduces the rates of resistance, and improves patient outcomes. However, their successful implementation has barriers relating to hierarchical cultures in health care, to resources, and to culturally adapted educational interventions. The findings raise an alarm for policy reforms and investment in interprofessional training programs tailored to the GCC region.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: antimicrobial resistance, interprofessional collaboration, antimicrobial stewardship, nursing, pharmacy, clinical laboratory, Saudi Arabia, Gulf region
  topic: keywords
creator: Asmaa Hamed Aldaghrir1, Reem Khalid Alotaibi2, Reham Ahmed Mahnashi3, Naimah Abdullah Alsaqer4, Aqeela Ahmed Suwilh5, Abeer Ali Dhamri 6, Jumanah Mohammed Albaqami7, Hind Ibrahem Alghamdi8, Sharifa Ali Alshamrani9, Rahmah Ali Al-Yami10, Hissah Ahmed Alsaeed11, Fatin Ibrahim Alghamdi12
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Gland Surgery
date: 2025-11-17
publication date: 2025-11-17
starting page: 163
ending page: 177

NURSING CHALLENGES IN MANAGING INVASIVE AND NON-INVASIVE PROCEDURES
type: item
description: This study investigated perceived difficulty and emotional stress of nurses for invasive and non-invasive medical procedures in different hospital departments. Using a quantitative design, 300 nurses' data were collected, and variables of perceived difficulty, emotional stress, years of experience, and type of procedure were examined. The study found that invasive procedures were far harder (means = 3.7) and emotionally stressful (means = 6.5) compared with their non-invasive equivalents (means = 2.6 and 3.6, respectively) with high statistical power (p < 0.001). Importantly, type of hospital department did not have a significant effect on perceived difficulty (ANOVA p = 0.37), and therefore routine protocols and repeated training may serve to reduce variability. A significant negative correlation between years of experience and perceived difficulty (r = -0.33, p < 0.001) was also observed, suggesting that experienced nurses perceive procedures as easier. Risk of infection and bleeding, and patient cooperation and communication were most frequent perceived difficulties with invasive and non-invasive procedures, respectively. Implications for nurse education, staffing plans, and design of support systems for improving procedural readiness and patient safety are provided by the findings. The limitation of the study is the use of subjective outcome measures and limited sample size. Future research is necessary to examine the impact of targeted intervention and further predictors of procedural difficulty.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Nursing challenges; Invasive procedures; Emotional stress; Procedure complexity; Experience level; Departmental protocols; Nurse training; Patient safety; Quantitative analysis; Healthcare staffing.
  topic: keywords
creator: Hameeda Aljanabi, Huda Al-Hussain, Fatimah Alobaidan, Mona Alkhalaf, Hamad Alanazi, Zainab Alhammad, Leen Al-Wehaiby, Mohammed Alzahrani, Danyh Abdulaziz, Maram Jalis, Rahaf Alqurashi, Maryam Alanazi, Fatima Alsaaed, Ibtihal Al-Ruwaili
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Gland Surgery
date: 2025-11-12
publication date: 2025-11-12
starting page: 149
ending page: 162

NURSES’ PERCEPTIONS TOWARD MEDICATION ERRORS IN SAUDI ARABIA
type: item
description: In healthcare contexts, medication administration errors (MAEs) pose a substantial patient safety challenge, particularly for nurses who are responsible for medication delivery. The objective of this investigation was to investigate the perceptions of MAEs among nurses in Saudi Arabia, as well as to identify the factors that contribute to these perceptions and to devise strategies to improve patient safety. Five germane studies published between 2021 and 2024 were identified through a systematic literature evaluation. The analysis identified four predominant themes: the influence of MAEs on patient safety, nurses' perceptions of error prevalence, the factors that contribute to medication errors, and proposed strategies for error reduction. The results showed that a significant number of nurses reported experiencing MAEs; however, many nurses were hesitant to disclose them due to the perception of culpability and the lack of adequate support systems. High responsibilities, inadequate training, and systemic deficiencies were among the contributing factors. The recommended strategies to reduce these errors included the enhancement of medication awareness, the cultivation of a culture of safety, and the enhancement of training programs for nurses. The study emphasizes the importance of addressing the knowledge and reporting practices disparities among nurses in order to enhance the quality of care and overall patient safety in Saudi Arabian healthcare systems. These insights are essential for the purpose of fostering a secure healthcare environment and guiding targeted interventions.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Jawza Radhi Alshammari1, Fawziah Radhi ALShammari2, Fudh Amash ALshammary3, Wafa Ghazi Alshammari4, Nourah Hamad Alshammari5, Alia Bashir AlAnazi6, Ghaziah Meshref Alshammry7
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Gland Surgery
date: 2025-11-07
publication date: 2025-11-07
starting page: 686
ending page: 696

ENHANCING PATIENT SAFETY THROUGH EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION BETWEEN NURSES AND LABORATORY TECHNICIANS
type: item
description: Background: Effective communication between nurses and laboratory technicians is essential for ensuring accurate diagnostics, timely interventions, and patient safety. Despite its critical role, interprofessional communication in this domain remains underexplored within the Saudi Arabian healthcare context. Objective: This study examined the relationship between communication quality and patient safety outcomes, and explored contextual factors influencing nurse–laboratory technician interactions. Methods: A mixed-methods design was employed across three tertiary hospitals and two urban clinics in Saudi Arabia. Quantitative data were collected from 206 participants using the validated Nurse–Laboratory Technician Communication Scale (NLTCS) and patient safety indicators, including diagnostic error rates, turnaround times, and satisfaction scores. Pearson’s correlation and multiple regression analyses assessed associations and predictive strength. Qualitative data from semi-structured interviews with 24 participants underwent thematic analysis. Results: Quantitative findings showed a strong negative correlation between communication quality and diagnostic errors (r = –0.68, p < 0.001) and a strong positive correlation with patient satisfaction (r = 0.71, p < 0.001). Regression analysis identified communication quality as a significant independent predictor of safety outcomes (p < 0.001). Qualitative themes highlighted workflow synchronization gaps, mutual trust, and technology use as key factors shaping communication effectiveness. Conclusion: High-quality communication between nurses and laboratory technicians significantly enhances patient safety outcomes. Integrating structured communication training, standardized reporting protocols, and optimized LIS–EHR systems can address identified barriers and sustain improvements. These strategies align with national patient safety priorities and can support Saudi Arabia’s vision for high-quality, efficient healthcare deliver…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Patient safety, nurse–laboratory communication, diagnostic accuracy, LIS–EHR integration, Saudi Arabia.
  topic: keywords
creator: Abdulaziz Ali Mohammed Yaseen1, Yasser Saeed Jumaan Alzahrani2, Aminah Fahad Ali Althuwaini3, Ali Mohammed Ali Asiri4, Ibrahim Ali Abdullah Alshehri5, Turki Marzog Serag Alotape6, Bashayr Khalil Ibrahim Aldhafallah7, Ghala Ayil Ahmed Khubrani8, Hind Gobran Hassan Mahzari9, Saud Sulaiman Hathal Alotaibi10
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-10-30
publication date: 2025-10-30
starting page: 136
ending page: 148

MULTIDISCIPLINARY COLLABORATION BETWEEN INTERNISTS, PHARMACISTS, OPTOMETRISTS, BIOCHEMISTRY AND LABORATORY SPECIALISTS IN IMPROVING CLINICAL DECISION-MAKING
type: item
description: Background: Effective clinical decision-making requires integration of diverse expertise, yet many healthcare systems continue to operate within professional silos. Fragmented decision processes increase the risk of diagnostic errors, medication mishaps, and poor patient outcomes. Objective: This study evaluated the impact of structured collaboration among internists, pharmacists, optometrists, biochemists, and laboratory specialists on the accuracy, safety, and efficiency of clinical decision-making in Saudi hospitals. Methods: A prospective, multicenter, mixed-methods design was implemented across six healthcare institutions. Quantitative data were collected from 250 professionals using validated instruments assessing decision accuracy, collaboration behaviors, and medication error rates, supplemented by chart audits of patient cases. Qualitative insights were obtained through focus groups and semi-structured interviews with a purposive sample of 30 participants. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, structural equation modeling, and thematic analysis. Results: Decision-making accuracy scores improved significantly across all professions after structured collaboration (mean increase +0.76, p < 0.001). Chart reviews showed diagnostic errors decreased by 50% and prescribing errors by 63%. Patient outcomes improved, with average hospital stay reduced by 1.7 days and 30-day readmissions nearly halved. Qualitative themes highlighted shared knowledge, conflict resolution, workflow integration, and patient-centered care as drivers of improvement. Conclusion: Multidisciplinary collaboration between internists, pharmacists, optometrists, biochemists, and laboratory specialists enhances diagnostic precision, medication safety, and overall patient care. Formalizing such teamwork within hospital policy, training, and electronic health record systems offers a practical strategy to improve healthcare quality in complex clinical environments.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Multidisciplinary collaboration, clinical decision-making, interprofessional practice, patient safety, Saudi Arabia.
  topic: keywords
creator: Atif Barakah Jubran Alfarsi1, Ebtehal Faisal Nahari2, Ali Saad Alghamdi3, Abdul Majeed Mohammed Alsofyani4, Shaymaa Mohammed Felemban5, Abdullah Mohammed Almalki6, Mohammed Yahya Mohammed Alabbas7, Nahla Saad Al-Thagafi8, Rafaa Abdulraouf Garoot9, Dina Mohammed Salman10, Shoroug Talal Al-Shareef11
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Gland Surgery
date: 2024-12-19
publication date: 2024-12-19
starting page: 669
ending page: 685

CASE REPORT: OPTIMIZING POSITIVE END-EXPIRATORY PRESSURE USING ESOPHAGEAL BALLOON CATHETER MONITORING IN ARDS
type: item
description: Background: Mechanical ventilation in patients with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) presents significant challenges, particularly in those with altered respiratory mechanics due to conditions like obesity. This case report explores the use of an esophageal balloon catheter for optimizing Positive End-Expiratory Pressure (PEEP) in a critically ill patient with ARDS. Case Presentation: A 46-year-old male with morbid obesity (BMI of 62 kg/m²), hypertension, and chronic Helicobacter pylori infection presented with symptoms of abdominal distention, constipation, shortness of breath, and oliguria. The patient was diagnosed with acute and chronic respiratory acidosis, leading to respiratory failure. Despite initial management with BiPAP therapy and mechanical ventilation, the patient's oxygenation remained inadequate.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Optimizing, Positive, End-Expiratory, Pressure Esophageal Balloon Catheter Monitoring ARDS.
  topic: keywords
creator: Ahmad Alessa1, Badr Allehyani2, Ammar Baalkhir3, Ali Alanazi4, Faris Altuwairqi5, Ahmed Samir Ahmed6, Ibrahim R. Elkeshta7, Osama Dakka8 , Mohamed Helaly9
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Gland Surgery
date: 2025-10-01
publication date: 2025-10-01
starting page: 129
ending page: 135

NURSING PRACTICES AND THEIR IMPACT ON WOUND INFECTION RATES: A CROSS-SECTIONAL ANALYSIS
type: item
description: Wound infections still represent a key clinical challenge, increasing the rate of morbidity amongst patients and driving up healthcare costs. The present study determines the effect of nursing practices on wound infection rates in a cross-section of 175 patients, with focus on hand hygiene compliance, nurse experience, and frequency of dressing changes. Through the parametric descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, and logistic regression analyses performed using SPSS, the results revealed significant improvement in hand hygiene (p = 0.004), nurse experience (p = 0.007), and dressing change frequency (p = 0.0015), each associated with a reduction in wound infection rates. Within the logistic regression model, all three factors, both independently and when combined, were predictive of infection status, giving clinical relevance to these findings. The study thus highlights the crucial role that quality nursing care plays in infection prevention, providing empirical evidence that nursing training and hospital policies should consider for intervention. This study fills a bare patch in the literature by quantitatively binding nursing behavior to infection outcomes, providing healthcare practitioners with insight into actions to reduce wound infections through enhancing nursing.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Wound infection, Nursing practices, Hand hygiene compliance, Nurse experience, Dressing change frequency, Infection control, Logistic regression, Cross-sectional study, Patient outcomes
  topic: keywords
creator: Sarah K. Alqurashi1, Hameeda Aljanabi2, Ruba M. Alrishi3, Raniya A. Alhusayni4, Nawal H. Alshammari5, Zahra O. Zekri6, Majed M. Althagafi7, Khalid S. Alluqmani8, Abdulaziz A. Alhumam9, Waheeb Alshammria10, Ruyaa Busayyis11, Ebtesam Alruwaily12, Rahaf Alghamdi13
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Gland Surgery
date: 2025-09-23
publication date: 2025-09-23
starting page: 101
ending page: 128

A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW EXAMINING THE CORRELATION BETWEEN NURSE STAFFING RATIOS AND QUALITY OF CARE OR PATIENT SAFETY OUTCOMES
type: item
description: In healthcare settings in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), this systematic review examines the relationship between nurse labor ratios and patient safety or quality of care outcomes. Despite the critical role that adequate nurse staffing plays in assuring patient safety and care quality, there is a substantial disparity in the comprehension of this relationship in the context of KSA. Five studies that satisfied the established criteria were included after a thorough survey of peer-reviewed literature from 2021 to 2024 was conducted across multiple databases. The results indicate a robust correlation between improved nurse staffing levels and improved patient outcomes, emphasizing that low nurse-to-patient ratios are associated with increased rates of adverse events, including patient accidents and pressure injuries. Furthermore, the review suggests that patient safety is substantially influenced by factors such as professional competence and the nursing work environment. The imperative necessity for evidence-based policy interventions to enhance the quality of healthcare in KSA and optimize nurse staffing ratios is emphasized by the evidence presented. In order to improve comprehension and inform policy initiatives, future research should concentrate on further investigating these relationships in a variety of healthcare contexts.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Examining Correlation, Nurse Staffing, Ratios and Quality Care, Patient Safety Outcomes.
  topic: keywords
creator: Tahani Owaid Alanazi1, Najla Hathal Alotaibi2, Ketbah Edham Alonazi3, Ahani Owaid Alanazi4, Fatimah Ahmed Alabdrabalrasol5, Maha Salman Alfify6, Mathayel Ibrahim Alyami7
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2024-12-19
publication date: 2024-12-19
starting page: 661
ending page: 668

BURNOUT AND JOB SATISFACTION AMONG HEALTH CARE PROVIDERS AT SAUDI ARABIA: SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
type: item
description: The purpose of this systematic review is to investigate the prevalence, risk factors, and impact of burnout on job satisfaction among Saudi healthcare providers, with a focus on the implications for patient care and the overall healthcare environment. According to the literature, unstable working conditions, high productivity demands, and inadequate workplace assistance all lead to mental health issues for healthcare personnel, reducing job satisfaction and service quality. Job satisfaction is critical for patient safety, whereas burnout, which is defined by emotional weariness, depersonalization, and a lack of personal accomplishment, has a negative impact on job performance and patient outcomes. This review summarized findings from five empirical research published between 2020 and 2024, focusing not just on physicians but also on other healthcare professionals. The findings show a significant prevalence of burnout and low levels of job satisfaction across diverse Saudi healthcare settings. Burnout was significantly influenced by a high workload, stress, and gender dynamics. The findings highlight the critical need for comprehensive interventions that reduce burnout and increase job satisfaction through better management practices and support systems. This information is critical for healthcare policymakers and stakeholders looking to establish healthier work environments, which will contribute to better patient outcomes and healthcare services in Saudi Arabia.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Burnout Job, Satisfaction, Among Health Care, Providers.
  topic: keywords
creator: Jhayer Neqa Alshammari1, Fahad Naqaa Alshammari2, Sabah Huthlul Alshammary3, Ghofran Abdulmusleh Alserhani4, Eman Abdullah Albalawi5, Rawan Abdulmusleh Alsarhani6
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2024-12-19
publication date: 2024-12-19
starting page: 652
ending page: 660

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF NURSE-LED PROGRAMS FOR ENHANCING PATIENT ENGAGEMENT AND SELF-MANAGEMENT IN CHRONIC DISEASE CARE AT SAUDI ARABIA: SCOPING REVIEW
type: item
description: Introduction: Chronic diseases are a huge global health burden that require effective management techniques. Nurse-led programs have emerged as a viable way to improve patient involvement and self-management in chronic disease treatment. Aim: This scoping review sought to map and synthesize available data on the efficacy of nurse-led interventions in improving these outcomes in Saudi Arabia. Methods: To find relevant papers published between 2022 and 2024, a comprehensive search approach was used across electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, Web of Science, and Saudi Digital Library). The inclusion criteria included studies that focused on nurse-led interventions for patients with chronic conditions in Saudi Arabia, with results linked to patient engagement, self-management, or clinical improvements. Exclusion criteria included studies conducted outside of the required timeframe, population, or without nurse-led treatments. A standardized form was used for data extraction and synthesis, as well as theme analysis. Results: Five studies of which met the inclusion criteria. The data repeatedly show the effectiveness of nurse-led programs for a variety of chronic illnesses, including cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Nurse-led interventions were found to reduce cardiovascular-related hospital readmissions and emergency department visits, as well as improve blood pressure control and lipid profiles. In diabetes care, nurse-led patient education initiatives led to significantly increased medication adherence and better glycemic control. Several studies highlight nurses' vital role in providing individualized treatment, patient education, and emotional support, which leads to increased patient satisfaction, fewer hospital admissions, and a higher quality of life. Conclusion: Nurse-led initiatives have significant potential to improve patient involvement, self-management, and health outcomes in chronic illness treatment in Saudi Arabia. These interventions present…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: nurse-led interventions, patient participation, self-management, chronic conditions
  topic: keywords
creator: Abdulrahman Munwer Al Shamry1, Arwa Sayel Al Shammari2, Bandr Dhidan Al Shammary3, Samia Mohammed Al Ameen Taleb4, Sawsan Nabeel Khateeb5, Seham Mohammed Alqawfi6, Shahad Omar Almeshabi7
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2024-12-19
publication date: 2024-12-19
starting page: 643
ending page: 651

TELEHEALTH READINESS AND ITS RELATED FACTORS AMONG HEALTH CARE PROVIDERS AT SAUDI ARABIA: SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
type: item
description: Introduction: Telemedicine and telehealth have revolutionized the healthcare industry by offering remote treatment services using telecommunications technology. While many nations have integrated these technologies to improve healthcare quality, many deployments encounter considerable challenges. Despite advances in telemedicine acceptability, significant gaps exist in understanding healthcare professionals' preparedness to utilize new technologies, notably in Saudi Arabia. Objective: The purpose of this systematic review was to analyze and map the current literature on telehealth readiness among Saudi healthcare practitioners, focusing on the factors that influence their willingness to use telehealth services. Methodology: A comprehensive search was carried out across numerous academic databases, including PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar, using preset keywords relevant to telehealth readiness. The inclusion criteria centered on peer-reviewed empirical research published between 2022 and 2024 that particularly evaluated telehealth preparation among Saudi healthcare practitioners. Results: Five relevant studies were discovered and evaluated. The findings revealed a general excitement for telehealth services among healthcare professionals; nevertheless, there were considerable knowledge gaps and impediments to effective implementation. Issues such as a lack of knowledge, insufficient training resources, and systemic issues hampered comprehensive telehealth integration. Notably, while pharmacists exhibited a high desire to participate in telepharmacy practices, other healthcare workers showed significant diversity in their comprehension and preparedness to utilize telehealth technology. Conclusion: The analysis reveals the potential for telehealth services among Saudi healthcare practitioners, as well as significant knowledge and infrastructure shortages. To ensure effective adoption, specific educational programs, supporting policies, and training resources are req…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Telehealth Readiness, Related Factors Among, Health Care, Providers.
  topic: keywords
creator: Bushara Kedar Hadad1, Fatmah Mohamed Alhamadi2, Manal Awad Aljohani3, Mehad Anwar Aljohani4, Noha Abdalrhman Abu Alola5, Sultan Aladham Alshammari6, Tahani Abdullah Bagasheer7
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2024-12-19
publication date: 2024-12-19
starting page: 633
ending page: 642

EVALUATING THE EFFICACY OF PROBIOTICS IN PREVENTING GESTATIONAL DIABETES MELLITUS IN SAUDI WOMEN: A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
type: item
description: Background: Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) poses significant risks for maternal and neonatal health. Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of probiotics in preventing GDM among pregnant Saudi women. Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted involving 176 pregnant women from different Saudi hospitals. Participants were assigned to either a Probiotics or Placebo group. GDM incidence and glucose levels (FBG, OGTT 1hr, 2hr) were measured and analyzed. Results: The Probiotics group showed a significantly lower GDM incidence (22%) compared to the Placebo group (47%, p < 0.01). Fasting and post-glucose intake values were also significantly improved in the Probiotics group (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Probiotics significantly reduce GDM incidence and improve glycemic control, suggesting their potential as a non-pharmacological preventive strategy for GDM in Saudi women.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM), Probiotics, Pregnancy, Saudi Arabia, Fasting Blood Glucose, OGTT, Randomized Controlled Trial, Maternal Health
  topic: keywords
creator: Razan M. Abutalib, Dalal Bamohammed, Rahaf Algrafi, Refan Almowalad, Sheren Saleh, Shahad Alharbi, Aisha Albeladi, Aseel Al Moutiri, Muna Abu Alkhair, Sultana Khan, Raghad N. Alruwaili, Nibras Mustafa Ibrahim Abdelqader, Ibtihaj Alruwaili, Rozan Radwan
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-08-22
publication date: 2025-08-22
starting page: 92
ending page: 109

LEVERAGING BIG DATA ANALYTICS TO IMPROVE HEALTHCARE QUALITY: A NEW APPROACH TO PATIENT-CENTERED CARE
type: item
description: In recent years A paradigm shift has occurred in the healthcare industry, with a shift away from the provider-centric model and toward a system that puts patients' needs, preferences, and values first. The aim of this study is to present a thorough analysis of the situation of big data analytics in healthcare today, emphasizing its potential and describing the actions required to achieve its revolutionary impact. Methodology: design, a comparative observational study was utilized. The study compared nursing performance, patient outcomes, and operational efficiency in hospitals that implemented big data-driven systems versus hospitals using traditional management approaches. Setting: The study include hospitals, clinics, and healthcare settings across different regions in Saudi Arabia, that use big data tools in varying capacities. The sample was selected from the following categories: Hospitals Selected: 10 hospitals (5 with big data analytics, 5 without). Sample: The study included a purposeful sample of 600healthcare provider, and 1000 adult patients Tools: I. Demographic characteristics for participants include: a-Demographic characteristics of participating health care (e.g. Age, gender, level of education, work sitting) b-Demographic characteristics of participating patients (e.g. Age, gender, health condition), II: Patient Outcomes sheet. III Nursing Quality Metrics questioner. IV Patient satisfaction survey. Results: there is a highly significant statistical differences between both groups regarding to patients outcome, and Nursing Quality Metrics. Regarding to patient satisfaction, Patients in Group A (Big data) expressed higher satisfaction than those in Group B (traditional). Related to job satisfaction for healthcare, Group A (Big Data) reports a higher level of job satisfaction than Group B (traditional). Conclusion: This study provides compelling evidence that leveraging big data analytics in healthcare settings enhances nursing quality, improves patien…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Big Data Analytics, Healthcare Quality, Patient-Centered Care
  topic: keywords
creator: Faiz Saeed Almalki, Badr Hamdan Aharthi, Abdullah Awad Almalki, Saeed Mohammed Althobiti, Sulaiman Odah Alzahrani, Mamdoh Sultan Alasmri, Abdul-Wahab Ali Alshehri, Mohammed Mesfer Alzaydi, Ibrahim Masoud Al-Talhi
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-06-20
publication date: 2025-06-20
starting page: 73
ending page: 91

COLLABORATIVE CLINICAL PRACTICE ACROSS HEALTHCARE SPECIALTIES: INSIGHTS FROM DENTAL, NURSING, LABORATORY, AND MEDICAL RECORDS TEAMS IN SECURITY FORCES FACILITIES
type: item
description: Background: Effective interprofessional collaboration is essential for delivering high-quality healthcare, particularly in complex institutional settings. Security forces medical facilities present unique challenges due to hierarchical structures, confidentiality protocols, and departmental silos, which may hinder communication and coordinated care. Objective: This study investigates the nature, effectiveness, and barriers to collaboration among dental, nursing, laboratory, and medical records teams within security-focused healthcare institutions. Methods: A mixed-methods explanatory sequential design was employed. The quantitative phase involved a structured survey administered to 120 professionals across four departments, assessing collaboration, communication, integration, and efficiency. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and regression analysis. In the qualitative phase, semi-structured interviews with 16 participants were thematically analyzed to deepen understanding of systemic and interpersonal dynamics. Results: Quantitative findings revealed moderate-to-high collaboration levels, with communication significantly predicting perceived efficiency (β = 0.47, p < 0.001). Nurses reported the highest collaboration scores, while medical records personnel showed the lowest. Thematic analysis identified four key barriers: communication disconnects, record redundancy, reliance on informal workarounds, and inconsistent leadership support. Departments with structured briefings and proactive leadership demonstrated smoother integration. Conclusion: Collaboration within security-based medical settings is marked by professional willingness but constrained by institutional structures. Enhancing interdepartmental communication, clarifying roles, and adopting secure interoperable systems are essential for strengthening teamwork. The study offers a context-sensitive framework for improving collaboration and patient care quality in highly reg…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Interprofessional collaboration, healthcare teams, security forces facilities, communication, patient care, mixed-methods.
  topic: keywords
creator: Alhumaidi Jumain Alreshidi, Mohammed Ali Awad Alqarni, Ibrahim Alorayfej, Naif Ali Mobarki, Meshari Saeed Albaqami, Fheedah Hamad Enad Alenazi, Mohammed Abdullah Mohammed Al-Subaie, Sultan Zayed Alanazi
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-08-11
publication date: 2025-08-11
starting page: 58
ending page: 72

REGENERATIVE MEDICINE AND STEM CELL APPLICATIONS IN REPAIRING AND REPLACING ORAL AND DENTAL TISSUES
type: item
description: Restorative dentistry is now an open, rapidly developing science grounded in biomedical engineering and stem cell biology advances. The present dental care, as powerful as it is, remains symptom alleviation but not always tissue construction in nature. Dental and oral tissue regeneration uses with a focus on innovation between the years 2020 and 2025. Comparative critical literature was presented on clinical trials, preclinical evidence, and future technologies of dental stem cell therapy, biomaterials, and tissue engineering strategies. Dental stem cells (DSCs) from dental pulp have been effectively utilized to regenerate periodontal supporting tissue, dental pulp tissue, and periodontal tissue. Clinical practice has also proved effective and safe for treating pulpitis, periapical lesions, and periodontitis. Newly developed biomaterials such as 3D-printed scaffolds and peptide-modified hydrogels have improved the treatment. Stem cell differentiation, biocompatibility of scaffolds, and growth factor delivery are the challenges. Regenerative dentistry is a new paradigm for biomedical restorative practice founded upon the model of regrown biological tissue. With encouraging clinical evidence already in print, the next task of developing new protocols and tested treatment protocols suitable for translation to application in the clinic on a broad scale must be prioritized.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: regenerative dentistry, dental stem cells, tissue engineering, periodontal regeneration, dental pulp regeneration, mesenchymal stem cells
  topic: keywords
creator: Abdulrahman Omar Alahmadi, Omar Mansour Alqurashi, Abdullah Mohammed Aljabri, Alahmadi Saud Abdulaziz M, Meshal Mohammed A Aljohani, Gaber Hindi Aljohani, Waleed Abdullah Alamri, Ahmed Suwaydir Aljohani, Masad Saad Aljohani, Meshal Jehad Alharbi, Ibrahim Salah Aimutairi, Almohammadi, Hamdan Hameed S, Mohammed Saleh Alraddadi
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-08-01
publication date: 2025-08-01
starting page: 45
ending page: 57

EXPLORING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CHILDHOOD TRAUMA AND ADULT MENTAL HEALTH OUTCOMES
type: item
description: Childhood trauma, i.e., adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), is a public health issue with a lasting impact on the mental well-being of adults. Herein, we present the relationship between childhood trauma and adult psychological well-being through recent literature from 2020-2025 by integrating recent literature from 2020-2025. We sought mechanisms across longitudinal studies, meta-analyses, and clinical trials contributing to the correspondence between early trauma and adult psychopathology. There is evidence to support the fact that exposure to traumatic childhood will significantly increase the risk for depression, anxiety disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), substance abuse, and suicidal behavior in adulthood. The relationship is dose-response, and repeated exposures to trauma are more strongly related to negative mental health consequences. Neurobiologic processes include alterations in stress response systems, attachment disruption, and structural and functional brain alterations. Stress appraisal, perceived stress, and social support mediating variables explain the strength of trauma-outcome associations. Our results highlight the key importance of evidence-based treatments such as trauma-focused cognitive behavior therapy and eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) and early intervention programs and trauma-informed care. Future studies need to focus on resilience factors, culturally appropriate interventions, and prevention strategies to avert the long-term consequences of childhood trauma on adult mental health.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: child trauma, adverse childhood experiences, adult mental health, PTSD, depression, trauma-informed care
  topic: keywords
creator: Reem Hamed Alzahrani1, Omymah Ali M Fadl2, Thikra Ibrahim Abdullah3, Jihan Abdraboh Alshaikee4, Jawaher Mohamed Saeed Al alqaham5, Munira Yahya Asiri6, Sharifa Ahmad Ibrahim Alhefzi7, Salma Suhail Khizendar8, Deyaalden Hassan Mohammed Makafah9
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-08-01
publication date: 2025-08-01
starting page: 33
ending page: 44

ASSESSING THE CORRELATION BETWEEN HBA1C LEVELS AND C-REACTIVE PROTEIN (CRP) IN PATIENTS AT KHAMIS MUSHAIT GENERAL HOSPITAL: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY
type: item
description: Introduction: C-reactive protein serves as a primary indicator of systemic inflammation which affects both cardiovascular diseases and metabolic disorders. The primary indicator for tracking blood sugar management is glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). New studies indicate that long-term inflammation may be connected to substandard blood sugar control. The research seeks to determine how HbA1c and CRP levels correlate within patients treated at Khamis Mushait General Hospital. Methodology: A cross-sectional study involving 391 participants from Khamis Mushait General Hospital. Researchers gathered information about HbA1c and CRP levels as well as demographic data including age, gender and body mass index (BMI) from the study participants. The research team applied correlation analysis and logistic regression to identify the determinants of glycemic control. Results: The analysis indicated a moderate positive correlation between HbA1c and CRP levels (r = 0.51, p = 0.042) which suggests that systemic inflammation could contribute to poor glycemic control. An analysis revealed a strong positive relationship between age and HbA1c levels (r = 0.92, p = 0.00), which indicates that people of older age groups experience poorer glycemic control. BMI positively correlates with HbA1c levels (r = 0.32, p = 0.00) which highlights obesity's effect on blood sugar regulation. Research using ANOVA analysis revealed significant links between HbA1c levels and marital status, education level, employment status, BMI, and smoking status with p-values below 0.05 but found no significant connection to gender. Conclusion: This study underscores the relationship between elevated CRP levels and poor glycemic control suggesting the potential use of CRP as an alert marker for deteriorating diabetes management. It further suggests that CRP testing ought to be part of the management plan of diabetes and underlines the importance of ameliorating inflammation via other means such as lifestyle changes, inc…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: HbA1c, C-Reactive Protein (CRP), diabetes management, Khamis Mushait, Saudi Arabia, glycaemic control, public health.
  topic: keywords
creator: Abdulaziz Aljaser, Yazeed Deajim, Anas Alqarni, Anas Nanoh, Khulud Bakri, Nawaf Alqahtani, Anas Alqouzi, Belgith Alqouzi, Ahmed Abdullah Alhamrani, Abdulrahman Bin Saeed, Abdullah Saeed, Ateeq Abed Alqurashi
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Gland Surgery
date: 2025-07-28
publication date: 2025-07-28
starting page: 19
ending page: 32

APPLICATION OF NEXT-GENERATION SEQUENCING IN GENETIC DIAGNOSIS OF RARE DISEASES IN SAUDI ARABIA
type: item
description: An emerging concern in clinical genetics is the deliverance of next-generation sequencing (NGS) for rare diseases, especially in high consanguinity states like Saudi Arabia. We evaluated features such as diagnostic yield, turnaround time, cost, and problems in variant interpretation in the multi-disease Saudi cohort studied using NGS. An explainable AI-based pipeline was used first, then an adaptive gene panel analysis, yielding a diagnostic rate of 22.22%. The average turnaround time was 26.1 days, with an average cost of SAR 5897 per test. Interestingly, in 23.3% of cases, variants of uncertain significance (VUS) existed, complicating interpretation. Cases spread across several regions with a broad spectrum of rare diseases, manifesting the implications of NGS for this population. Our results are consistent with worldwide literature, contributing to the discussions on region-specific genetic contexts and infrastructural barriers. This work is geared toward supporting the utilization of explainable AI and adaptive genomic strategies to improve diagnostic accuracy and clinical utility, thus laying the foundation for scalable genomic medicine in Saudi Arabia.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject:
  topic: keywords
  value: Next-generation sequencing, rare diseases, Saudi Arabia, diagnostic yield, artificial intelligence, variant interpretation, consanguinity, adaptive gene panels, genomic medicine, turnaround time, cost analysis, variants of uncertain significance (VUS).
creator: Reem E. Alshoweir1, Afnan M, Shakoori2, Dr. Afnan Mohammed Shakoori3, Rawabi A. Alsharif4, Bader M. Alshelash5, Ohoud M. Alosaimi6, Malak M. Alsulami7, Hanadi T. Mufti8, Razan A. Khashugj9, Abdulaziz S. Alahmadi10, Khalid A. Alghamdi11, Abdulrhman N. almu
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-06-30
publication date: 2025-06-30
starting page: 1
ending page: 18

NURSING CHALLENGES IN MANAGING INVASIVE AND NON-INVASIVE PROCEDURES
type: item
description: This study investigated perceived difficulty and emotional stress of nurses for invasive and non-invasive medical procedures in different hospital departments. Using a quantitative design, 300 nurses' data were collected, and variables of perceived difficulty, emotional stress, years of experience, and type of procedure were examined. The study found that invasive procedures were far harder (means = 3.7) and emotionally stressful (means = 6.5) compared with their non-invasive equivalents (means = 2.6 and 3.6, respectively) with high statistical power (p < 0.001). Importantly, type of hospital department did not have a significant effect on perceived difficulty (ANOVA p = 0.37), and therefore routine protocols and repeated training may serve to reduce variability. A significant negative correlation between years of experience and perceived difficulty (r = -0.33, p < 0.001) was also observed, suggesting that experienced nurses perceive procedures as easier. Risk of infection and bleeding, and patient cooperation and communication were most frequent perceived difficulties with invasive and non-invasive procedures, respectively. Implications for nurse education, staffing plans, and design of support systems for improving procedural readiness and patient safety are provided by the findings. The limitation of the study is the use of subjective outcome measures and limited sample size. Future research is necessary to examine the impact of targeted intervention and further predictors of procedural difficulty.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Hameeda Aljanabi1, Huda Al-Hussain2, Fatimah Alobaidan3, Mona Alkhalaf4, Hamad Alanazi5, Zainab Alhammad6, Leen Al-Wehaiby7, Mohammed Alzahrani8, Danyh Abdulaziz9, Maram Jalis10, Rahaf Alqurashi11, Maryam Alanazi12, Fatima Alsaaed13, Ibtihal Muharrab Al-Ruwaili14
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Gland Surgery
date: 2024-12-19
publication date: 2024-12-19
starting page: 619
ending page: 632

ELECTRONIC APPLICATIONS AND THEIR IMPACT ON THE CULTURE OF CONSUMPTION: AN APPLIED STUDY ON A SAMPLE OF WORKING AND NON-WORKING WOMEN IN THE SAUDI FAMILY
type: item
description: The current study explores modern electronic applications and their impact on the consumer culture of women within the Saudi family. Its objectives included identifying the role of modern technology, particularly electronic applications, in the spread of various consumer cultures, particularly in clothing, adornment, and the acquisition of modern devices. It also aimed to identify the role of advertisements and celebrities in spreading the consumer culture among Saudi families through modern applications. The methodology used in the study was descriptive and analytical, from which the most important findings emerged. There is a significant relationship between the Saudi family's excessive consumption of clothing and adornment and modern technology and the development of commercial applications in the modern digital age. This is consistent with the fact that families are greatly influenced by the modern cultural practices displayed in applications, which influence their consumption of clothing, adornment, food, and the acquisition of modern devices. Contemporary technological innovations, such as the internet and other technologies, also play a role in shaping the concept of imitation and unjustified purchasing. This is demonstrated by the results of the current study, which demonstrate that purchasing is often simply a desire to own a product, perhaps for example, rather than as a necessary household need. This leads to increased spending within the family, waste of economic resources, and increased family problems.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Electronic applications – culture of consumption – family
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr. Sabreen Awad Hassan Hussein
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2022-07-20
publication date: 2022-07-20
starting page: 6
ending page: 26

THE IMPACT OF HEALTH EDUCATION PROVIDED BY PRIMARY CARE NURSES ON LIFESTYLE IMPROVEMENT IN PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES
type: item
description: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a widespread chronic condition that poses significant health challenges globally. Lifestyle factors such as unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, and poor medication adherence play a central role in its onset and progression. Primary care nurses are uniquely positioned to provide ongoing education and support, equipping patients with the knowledge and tools needed to manage their condition effectively. This study investigates the impact of structured health education delivered by primary care nurses on lifestyle improvement among patients with T2DM. A cross-sectional study was conducted on patients who participated in regular educational sessions provided by nurses at primary healthcare centers.. The findings revealed substantial lifestyle improvements following the educational interventions. A significant proportion of patients adopted healthier eating practices, increased their physical activity, and demonstrated better compliance with prescribed treatments. Additionally, notable improvements were observed in glycemic control, with many participants reporting enhanced understanding and self-management of their condition. These results underscore the critical role of primary care nurses in chronic disease management. Through effective health education, nurses can facilitate meaningful lifestyle changes that lead to better health outcomes and reduced risk of diabetes-related complications.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject:
  topic: keywords
  value: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Primary Care Nursing, Health Education, Lifestyle Modification, Dietary Habits, Physical Activity, Medication Adherence, Glycemic Control, Patient Empowerment, Chronic Disease Management
creator: Samar Dhaifallah M. Alruwaili
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2022-07-20
publication date: 2022-07-20
starting page: 1
ending page: 5